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Saturday, June 13, 2020

PRINCIPAL OF ELECTION निर्वाचन का सिद्धांत


Sec 35 :- निर्वाचन का सिद्धांत

जहां की कोई व्यक्ति ऐसे संपत्ति अंतरित करने की प्रव्यज्जना करता है जिसे अंतरित करने का उसे कोई अधिकार नहीं है और उसी संव्यवहार के भागरुप कोई फायदा उस संपत्ति के स्वामी को प्रदत करता है वह ऐसे स्वामी को निर्वाचन करना होगा कि वे या तो ऐसे अंतरण को पुष्ट करें या उससे विसम्मत हो और पश्चात कथित दशा में वह ऐसे प्रदत फायदे का त्याग करेगा और इस प्रकार फायदा अंतरक या उसके प्रतिनिधि को ऐसे  प्रतिवर्तित हो जाएगा मानो वह व्ययनित ही नहीं हुआ था, तथापि -
जहां की अंतरण अनुग्रहित है और अंतरक निर्वाचन किए जाने से पहले मर गया है या नवीन अंतरण करने के लिए अन्यथा असमर्थ हो गया है ;
और उन सब दशाओं में जिसमें अंतरण प्रतिफलार्थ है ;
निराश अंतरिति को प्रतिफल की रकम या उस संपत्ति के जिसे उसको अंतरित किए जाने का प्रयत्न किया गया था, मूल्य को चुका देने के भार के अध्यधीन ही वह फायदा प्रतिवर्तित होगा। Element (तत्व) :-
  1. संपत्ति का अंतरण ऐसे व्यक्ति द्वारा किया गया हो जिसे अंतरित करने का कोई अधिकार नहीं है ।
  2. अंतरित संपत्ति का स्वामी कोई अन्य व्यक्ति हो |
  3.  अंतरणकर्ता द्वारा उसी संव्यवहार के भाग के रूप में संपत्ति के स्वामी को लाभ प्रदान करना |
  4.  संपत्ति के स्वामी द्वारा अंतरण करता द्वारा प्रदत्त लाभ को स्वीकार या अस्वीकार करता है ।
Ex. सुल्तानपुर का खेत C की संपत्ति है जिसका मूल्य ₹ 800 का है । A उसे दान विलेख  द्वारा B को अंतरित करने का प्रस्ताव करता है और उसी विलेख द्वारा C को 1000  देता है  C खेत को अपने पास रखना निर्वाचित करता है तो उसे 1000  रूपये प्राप्त नहीं होंगे।

निराश अंतरिति को दो परिस्थितियों में संपत्ति का मूल्य प्राप्त करने का अधिकार है।


  • यदि संव्यवहार दान है तथा संपत्ति के स्वामी द्वारा निर्वाचन का अधिकार प्रयोग करने से पूर्व अंतरणकर्ता की मृत्यु हो जाए या नया अंतरण करने के लिए असमर्थ हो जाए अतः यहां A निर्वाचन से पहले मर जाए तो उसका प्रतिनिधि 1000 रूपए में से ₹800 B को देगा ।
  • जहां संपत्ति का अंतरण प्रतिफल के बदले किया गया हो यदि उपरोक्त उदाहरण में A , B  को यहां खेत ₹400 के बदले अंतरित कर रहा था तो वह 1000 रुपए मैं से ₹400 B को देगा ।

परिस्थितियां जहां निर्वाचन का प्रश्न नहीं उठता :-


  1. संपत्ति के स्वामी को प्रदान किए जाने वाला लाभ प्रत्यक्ष रूप से ना देकर अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से दिया गया है
  2. यदि कोई व्यक्ति एक हैसियत में कोई फायदा उसे संव्यवहार के अधीन लेता है और अन्य किसी हैसियत में उसे अस्वीकार कर सकता है ।
  3. संपत्ति का स्वामी निर्वाचन के समय अवयस्क या पागल हो तो निर्वाचन तब तक स्थगित रहेगा जब तक उसकी निर्योग्यता का अंत न हो जाए ।

निर्वाचन का तरीका

निर्वाचन दो तरीकों से हो सकता है

  1. अभिव्यक्त निर्वाचन ।
  2. गर्भित निर्वाचन ।

Ex.  यदि संपत्ति का स्वामी अंतरण कर्ता द्वारा प्रदत्त लाभ को स्वीकार कर लेता है ।
A, B को संपत्ति अंतरित करता है जिस का C हकदार है और उस संव्यवहार के भाग के रूप में कोयले की खान C को देता है C खान को कब्जे में लेता है और कोयला निकालना प्रारंभ कर देता है यहां उसने अपनी संपत्ति को अंतरण की पुष्टि कर दी है । यह गर्भित निर्वाचन है ।

निर्वाचन का समय :-



अंतरण की दिनांक से 1 वर्ष के भीतर अंतरण को स्वीकार या अस्वीकार कर सकता है यदि वह ऐसा ना करें तो अंतरण करता है या उसका प्रतिनिधि ऐसे अवधि के पश्चात उसे निर्वाचन करने की अपेक्षा कर सकेगा और अपेक्षा करने के युक्तियुक्त समय के भीतर निर्वाचन नहीं करता तो यह समझा जायेगा कि उसमें अंतरण की पुष्टि कर दी है ।

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